Romeo and Juliet Coursework Essay Example Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet Coursework Essay Example Paper Romeo and Juliet Coursework Essay Introduction Romeo and Juliet is an epic love story that climaxes in tragedy. The story follows two lovers from opposing families over the course of two days, and it features many twists and turns that always keeps the audience on its toes. In my opinion, Romeo and Juliet is one of William Shakespeare’s greatest plays. It features love, tragedy, comedy, action and a classic story that will never be forgotten.During this essay I will discuss the passions that are in this play, and how they feature. Are passions dangerous, and do they need to be controlled? Or are passions what make life worth living, and without them the world would be dull and meaningless? I will discuss both these questions, and try to come to a conclusion.Every character experiences some kind of passion during the play. Romeo and Juliet obviously both feel love, but they feel other passions such as anger, sadness and vengefulness. For instance, Romeo feels anger when Tybalt has killed Mercutio. â€Å"Alive, in triumph! and Mercutio slain! Away to heaven, respective lenity, and fire-eyed fury be my conduct now!† is what Romeo says when he eyes Tybalt after the killing. This shows how angry Romeo is at Tybalt. Previously, Romeo was speaking in kindness to Tybalt, telling him he loved the Capulet. Tybalt did not yet know that Romeo and Juliet were now husband and wife, and wished to fight the groom. Romeo declined, and Mercutio stepped forward. Mercutio was killed in combat, and Romeo became angry. In his fury, he killed Tybalt. This is a defining moment in the play because the fight resulted in Romeo being banished from Verona.Yet, as Romeo feels such anger at one point, he feels much loveduring another. â€Å"Oh, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! Her beauty hangs upon the cheek of night, as a rich jewel in an Ethiop’s ear† is what Romeo says upon seeing Juliet at the Capulet party. This not only demonstrates that Romeo thinks Juliet is absolutely beautiful; it also brin gs some poetry to the play. Throughout the scenes, Shakespeare manages to add many pieces of poetry into the play, which gives the scene that little extra magic. This quote also highlights how passion is necessary at the right moments. If there were no passion during this scene, the scene would be pointless.I think it may be worth noting at this point that since the couple met, they have never held a real conversation. I think it is ironic how the two can tell each other they love one another when they have never talked about their personalities or lives. Whenever Romeo and Juliet meet, all they ever talk about is how they love each other and want to stay togetherJuliet has a wide range of emotions and passions throughout the play. She also feels happiness, but also feels sadness and deep sorrow. â€Å"Is there no pity sitting in the clouds that sees into the bottom of my grief?† is what Juliet speaks when she finds that she must marry Paris, even though she is married to Rom eo. Yet she cannot tell her parents she is married, as they can never know she is sharing her life with a Montague. I think she also feels anger towards her family at this point too. She cannot be with her love because of the families’ frivolous feud and she wants it to end. It is worth noting that Shakespeare never reveals why the families quarrel. I believe he does this because he wants to make the audience feel that the grudge they bear against each other is so old, neither families remember why they fight. I think this shows that angry passions do need to be controlled, as they can have dangerous consequences.Sadness features quite often in this play. Most characters feel sadness at some stage in the play. Once again, it is ironic that possibly the greatest love story ever written features so many negative feelings. Maybe Shakespeare wanted to teach us something about love; love can only lead to pain. While many good things come from love in this play, it all eventually l eads to the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet dying. One could blame their deaths on the families fighting, but they would never have died if they had not been in love.The audience always knew that the play would be ending in sadness and tragedy. In the prologue the audience is told â€Å"A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life†, revealing that both Romeo and Juliet kill themselves. Therefore, throughout the play the audience always has on their minds that the couple will kill themselves before the end of the play. Even when the audience should be happy that Romeo and Juliet are in love, they always know that it will end in death. I think Shakespeare does this to keep the theme of tragedy running in the play, even at the happiest of moments.In contrast to many other characters, Mercutio’s personality rarely changes. At every appearance during the play, even leading to his death, Mercutio is witty and charming, his language filled with sexual comments. However, d uring Mercutio’s death scene his words become deadly serious. When Mercutio first appears, he is headed with Romeo, Benvolio, and friends to the Capulet party. Mercutio debates everything the sad, gloomy Romeo says and lightens up the mood with his wit. His upbeat personality contrasts sharply with Romeo’s melancholy. He counters Romeo’s every complaint with comment that is bound to make the audience smile. It is also ironic how Romeo is the main character and hero of the story yet the focus is always on Mercutio whenever the cheerful character is around.Mercutio dies in a very memorable way. He and Tybalt are duelling, and Mercutio is doing very well. Yet Romeo foolishly intervenes and Mercutio is slain. It is debatable that if Romeo had never got in the way of the duellists, Mercutio would have probably won the duel. However, Romeo’s new found love for the Capulet family blinded him and all that was on his mind was stopping the fight, no matter what the cost. This obviously shows that passions do need to be controlled in certain situation, as they can lead to this. However, if the characters passions were controlled this scene would not exist. If they were controlled there would be no anger felt toward each other therefore this encounter would have been avoided.When Romeo tells Mercutio that the wound is not deep, Mercutio replies: â€Å"No, ’tis not as deep as a well, nor so wide as a church-door; but ’tis enough, ’twill serve†. This time, Mercutio’s wit is accompanied by a curse on both families. The wound is only small, but is enough to kill him. He says â€Å"A plague o’ both your houses!† many times before he dies. This shows that even when Mercutio has been witty and charming, he is angry with the families because of their frivolous row. As Mercutio is one of the audience’s most loveable characters, this makes the audience angry with the families for such a ridiculous f eud that can lead to such consequences.From Mercutio’s death, the play’s tragedy doesn’t stop. A vital character from the play is killed, and this triggers the tragedy. From this moment on, nothing happens that is celebrated. Many people are angry with Shakespeare for killing off such a cheerful and important character half way through the play. I agree with them.The friar is a close friend to both Romeo and Juliet. It is the Friar who agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet in secrecy, though he knows their parents would not consent. He also concocts the plan for Juliet to play dead and is supposed to get the word out to Romeo. He fails. I cannot help but notice that everything that the Friar touches goes wrong.I believe that the Friar’s passion is to bring the two feuding families together. This is why he marries the two star crossed lovers as he believes that it will bring the two families closer together.Romeo greets the Friar â€Å"Good morrow, father†, and Friar Lawrence responds by calling Romeo â€Å"Young son†. Though these exchanges are appropriate because of the religious context, this interchange has greater importance. It is not just the exchange between the priest and the penitent. The Friar also stands in for Romeo’s own father since there are no scenes between Romeo and his parents. The Friar is the only person to whom Romeo turns for advice, and he is the last person to whom Juliet turns after all others have forsaken her. In this sense, he is father to them both and responsible for upholding order.The Friar is always there to comfort and help the two lovers, especially Romeo. One part that stands out is in the Friar’s cell, when Romeo has just been banished. Romeo is having a tantrum, and is incredibly upset that he has been separated from Juliet and fair Verona. The Friar tells Romeo this: â€Å"O deadly sin! O rude unthankfulness! Thy fault our law calls death; but the kind Prince, Taking th ey part, hath rush’d aside the law, and turn’d that black word â€Å"death† to â€Å"banishment.† This is dear mercy, and thou seest it not.† The Friar is telling Romeo that he should be thankful and lucky to still be alive. At this point, The Friar tells off Romeo, and demands that he stop crying and acting like a girl. From this scene it is obvious to see why The Friar is seen as a father figure to Romeo, as he is saying everything a father would say to his boy in such a situation.However, even though he is seen as a father figure, many of his ideas go awry. He is the person to suggest that Juliet should fake her death, therefore leading to Romeo’s death. This was obviously a ridiculous idea from the start, one that would never work. I think the Friar has a constant passion, one that is to try and direct Romeo and Juliet. This shows that passions need to be suppressed and controlled because he often leads the couple the wrong way. Ultimatel y, it is the Friar that kills Romeo and Juliet. He is the person to suggest the ludicrous ‘fake death’ plan, and this drives Romeo to suicide. Romeo’s death then destroys Juliet.At the end of the play, the Friar’s loyalty is tested. He is in the tomb when Juliet awakes, and she spies Romeo’s corpse. Instead of staying to help, he hears a noise and flees. How can someone seen as a father figure do this? Even though the two lovers regularly turn to him, his advice is usually bad and he proves how disloyal he is at the end of the play.Even though such terrible things can come from passions, I still believe that the world needs them. I believe that they could never be controlled as they put the excitement into our lives. Without passions, there would be no point in living. Without passions, life would be incredibly dull. We need passion to keep us alive. I believe Shakespeare felt the same, even though such feelings can lead to such disastrous consequen ces. As the old saying goes, what is the point in living if you can’t feel alive? Romeo and Juliet Coursework Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

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Betrayed by my best friend Essays Betrayed by my best friend Essay Betrayed by my best friend Essay As a child growing up friends are everything. Your best friend is the one you share all your secrets with and trust them not to tell anyone. They are the one who knows everything about you and stands by your side through everything. For some, best friends may change frequently, but that wasnt the case of Michelle and l. That was the type of friend Michelle was. We had been friends since the first grade and shared everything. We never kept secrets from one another and more importantly, we never shared those secrets with anyone else. Well at least I didnt. One fall I learned many important lessons in life. The most important one was not to trust people. Sounds cynical I know, but I dont know any other way to put it. I was 12 years old and trust had never been an issue for me, but that year brought on many changes. On a beautiful Saturday afternoon my whole outlook on life changed. On a day that seemed like so many before, my brother-in-law raped me. Dealing with that was more than I knew how to handle. The betrayal of the one person I thought I could trust only added to the pain. A few weeks passed before I could even bring myself to tell Michelle. He had made me feel like it was my fault, that I had done something to deserve it. He has also convinced me that if my sister found out it would cause her to lose the baby she was carrying. At that time I really didnt know any better so I believed him. Finally I realized I had to tell someone and of course Michelle was who I turned to. I explained what happened, how it made me feel, how it made me view things. Never in my life did I think she would tell anyone. Once again I was wrong, within three days it seemed the whole school knew. To make matters worse Michelle told people that it had been my fault. That it wasnt rape at all, that I had agreed to it. Even worse she told them I was pregnant by him. I couldnt understand how she could do something like that to me. Here I was trying to cope with what had been done to me physically and she betrayed me in a way that I couldnt even begin to understand. Granted, in time the talk moved on to something else as it always does in schools, and they all realized that I wasnt pregnant. Still, the damage to me was already done. I learned the hard way the need to be careful who you trust. It is something that was remained with me to this day. After being betrayed by my best friend, it became nearly impossible to trust anyone. Betrayed by my best friend By eschewing 123

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A Brief History of Heineken Company Analysis

A Brief History of Heineken Company Analysis Heineken is one of the global leading brewers. The company is headquartered in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and spreads its business all over the world. In this report, we have taken a deep look into the Heineken Company. We will generally display the company portfolio, and then followed by the companys past 5 years performance. Afterwards, the report will focus on Heinekens international marketing activities with detailed explanations of its international marketing strategies. Ultimately, the report will extend to discuss miscellaneous topics of Heineken Company, and ends up with an exhaustive conclusion. Introduction Heineken is one of the worlds biggest brewers and is committed to remaining strong and independent. The brand is named after the founders name Heineken -can be found all around the world. Heineken has become one of the most valuable international premium beer brand since last century and it is still growing stronger. Heineken is also one of the experts of beer brewing and has built quite a number of specialty beers around the globe. In addition to the Heineken brand, there are more than 170 specialty beers which meet a variety of consumers needs from every corner of the world. The famous brands include Amstel ®, Europes third-largest selling beer, Cruzcampo ®, Tiger ®, Zywiec ®, Birra Moretti ®, Ochota ®, Murphys ® and Star ®. Heineken has wide international presence through a global network of distributors and breweries. Heineken owns and manages one of the worlds leading portfolios of beer brands and is one of the worlds leading brewers in terms of sales volume and profitability. History The Heineken story began more than 140 years ago in 1864 when Gerard Adriaan Heineken acquired a small brewery in the heart of Amsterdam. Since then, four generations of the Heineken family have expanded the Heineken brand and the Company throughout Europe and the rest of the world. Employees In 2007, the average number of employees employed was 54,004 170 brands Heinekens leading brand portfolio includes more than 170 international premium, regional, local and specialty beers. Our principal brands are Heineken ® and Amstel ®. We continually seek to reinforce our brands through innovations in production, marketing and packaging. 139.2 million hl The Heineken brand is available in almost every country on the planet. We own more than 119 breweries in more than 65 countries brewing a Group beer volume of 139.2 million hectolitres. Segments Heineken applies typical Global Area Structure to their organizational strategy. Global area structure is an organizational arrangement in which primary operational responsibility is delegated to area managers, each of whom is responsible for a specific geographic region. (International Business, 5th edition, Rugman Collinson). Heineken distinguishes the following geographical segments: Western Europe Central and Eastern Europe The Americas Africa and the Middle East Asia Pacific Head Office/eliminations. Segment information is presented only in respect of geographical segments consistent with Heinekens management and internal reporting structure. Heineken runs its business in five regions, which is in charge of regional presidents. Regional subsidiaries, which remain high responsiveness to the group departments,are responsible for management, risk assessment and operation efficiency. The distribution models of Heinekens is of a big variety. Goods are delivered in multiple ways in every country, depending on the countries conditions, usually direct to the wholesalers or via third parties. Hence, distributions diverse. The various distribution models are taken in charge by regional subsidiaries as well. In such a circumstance, no secondary segment information is in hand. Targeting Young adult consumers (core aged 18-25) around the world is the group Heineken targets at. Heineken is aware of the rise of popularity of mixers and other drinks in this market. Positioning The premium positioning of the Heineken brand is crucial to the growth strategy. Maintaining this positioning requires a combination of the highest quality brewing process delivering the highest quality beer and creative and compelling marketing. As the brand extends its global market share, and its positioning becomes more consistent, its marketing is becoming increasingly international. However, within the marketing mix, there will always be a requirement for locally driven campaigns and support. Product strategy Theory Product strategies vary depending on the specific good and the customers. Some products ca be manufactured and sold successfully both in the United States and abroad by using the same strategies. Other products must be modified or adapted and sold according to a specially designed strategy. A number of factors can compel an MNE to use moderate to high product modification. These include economics, culture, local laws, and product life cycle. Application A key strength for Heineken is the fact that the product is produced to be exactly the same, no matter which of 115 or more breweries it was produced at. The recipe has stayed the same for nearly 150 years, and Heinekens attractive packaging and red star are recognizable nearly anywhere in the world. Heinekens entire brand image is centred on it being a superior quality beer with exceptional taste. Heineken has also won many awards for its beer, which reinforces their claim that Heineken is a product of the highest quality. One potential weakness is that Heineken lacks a production base in many markets, which inevitably leads to higher costs associated with getting the product to market in these areas. However, the flip side to that is the consumers perception of premiumness that is often associated with an imported beer versus one that is produced domestically. Another important strength for Heineken lies in their innovation, as is evident by their recently released Heineken Draught Keg. Since the Heineken beer is recognized all over the world, and the product life cycle is quite short, there is no need to do large modification to the beer itself. Meanwhile, its package changes several times within a year, which makes it fresh to consumers and also a efficient way to promote their products. Company performance This report also analyzes the Heineken Company performance in a horizontal scope as well as a vertical scope. We will first measures its regional performance, and followed by a last 5 year performance evaluation. As we know, Heineken Company is a Multinational Enterprise. It has been doing business in different regions worldwide. Take appropriate measures when dealing business with typical customers is quite important. The financial statement of year 2009 will be released on March 20, 2010. So the analysis is mainly based on the data from 2004 to 2008. Key figures Revenue: In general, the Heineken Company enjoyed increasing revenues in last 5 years, from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 10062 million (2004) to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬14319 million (2008). EBIT: Earnings before interests and taxes (EBIT) is used as a primary measure of profitability, without taking interests and taxes expenses into consideration. The higher EBIT, usually, the better. The EBIT was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1348 in 2004, à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1249 in 2005, reached its peak at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1832 in2006, and then decreased to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1418 in 2007, even declined further to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1080 in 2008, measured in millions. Net profit: Net profit calculated by profit before taxes minus taxes. The net profit has almost the same trend as EBIT: rose from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬642 million (2004) to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1211 million (2006), then it suffered a downwards shrink to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬807 million (2007) and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬209 million (2008). Dividends: Dividends is a portion of money a company paid to its shareholders. It can be used to measure a companys financial health. The dividends of Heineken kept growing from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬173 million in 2004 to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬343 million in 2007. In 2008, it fell by a small amount to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬304 million. Net cash flow: Net cash flow is a part of cash flow statement, represented the cash receipts minus cash payments. Net cash flow was -à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬550 million in 2004, leaped to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬401 million in 2006, and dropped to -à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬227 million in 2007, finally climbed up to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬225 million. Regional analysis Western Europe Have an eye on Western Europe, Heineken is doing excellent: Heineken is Western Europes leading brewer and the region is the biggest contributor to Group profitability, thanks to the strong market positions and excellent brand portfolio. Heineken is Europes number one beer. Heineken has market leadership positions in the Netherlands, UK, Spain and Italy; and it is the number two player in France, Ireland and Switzerland. In the Western Europe, in the year 2004 to 2007, the revenues were around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬5,400 million. However in 2008, it jumped to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬7661 million. Heineken even generated à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬8,432 million revenue, with earnings before interests and taxes (EBIT) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬792 million in 2009. The total assets were à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬3924 million in 2004, but almost tripled to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬11678 million in 2008. And the group beer volume has doubled in past 5 years, reaching 56,345,000 hl (2008). It takes up 38% of the Groups consolidated EBIT. Western Europe is Heinekens main market. Central and Eastern Europe Central and Eastern Europe is Heinekens largest region by volume. The business is benefiting from integration of acquired breweries and the outcome of portfolio optimization. The Heineken brand is increasing its popularity. The beer market there is largely influenced by financial crisis last year. The high price of our products can also be an influential fact. Within this region, the company earned increasing revenues between à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2,526 million and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬3,687 million in last 5 years, and EBIT from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬254 million in 2004 to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬389 million in 2009. The total assets have a 20% growth within 5 years. Group beer volume generated a 50% increase. Africa and the Middle East The improved political stability continues to drive economic development and improve purchasing power, making beer more affordable. The popularity of the brands and of Heineken beer in particular, is rapidly growing. Heineken is the number two brewer in Africa and the Middle East. The revenue in this region in 2009 was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1,817 million, and EBIT was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬485 million. In the past 5 years, the revenue doubled and the EBIT tripled, total assets also grew from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬825 million to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1919 million. And the market volume is still rapidly growing. Heineken Company has a long-term orientation in this market. The Americas The economic downturn led to lower on-trade consumption and downtrading in the off-trade, especially in the USA. In the fourth quarter volume of the Heineken brand showed a positive trend in Canada, the Caribbean and South America. In 2009, the revenue was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1566 million while the EBIT was only à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬210 million. The revenue welcomes a peak at 2006, and has a moderate float in the rest of 5 years. EBIT tells almost the same story. Total assets have a 50% growth over 5 years. And the group beer volume up soared by approximately 5,000,000 hl. Asia Pacific The revenue in 2009 was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬309 million, and EBIT was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬103 million, the company also has a long-term orientation in this region. The revenue has a continuous decline, from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬471 million to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬297 million, with slight floating. EBIT began at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬63 million, ended at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬65 million, and topped at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬95 million 2006. Total assets experienced an upward trend from 363 to 552, measured in millions of euros. Management Heineken Holding N.V. controls the Heineken Company. The Heineken N.V. Executive Board has two members, CEO and CFO. And it is chaired by the CFO Jean-Franà §ois van Boxmeer. The CEO is responsible for Group Commerce, Group Supply Chain, Group Human Resources, Group Corporate Relations, Group Legal Affairs, and Manager Group Internal Audit. The CFO is in charge of Group Control Accounting, Group Finance, Group Business Development, Group Process Technology Directors, Group Strategy Director, and Group Strategic Partnerships. There are five operating regions, namely, Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, The Americas, Africa and the Middle East as well as Asia-Pacific. Each region has a Regional President. The Executive Committee is consist of two members of the Executive Board, the five Regional President,s and five Group Directors. The Executive Committee supports the development of policy and ensures the alignment and implementation of key priorities and strategies across the organization. Segmentation: Heineken sells its beer all around the world and has a global market share of 7%. The prime market of Heineken is Europe, in 2008 almost 50% of Heineken its sales were in Europe. Asia-pacific and the Americas cover the other 50%. The Americas count for nearly 30% of Heinekens sales, and the Asia-pacific for 20%. Heineken has divided all the types of beer it sales into groups. Standard lager, premium lager are the hold most products sold all over the world for Heineken. Together they count for almost 85% of all sales of Heineken. With standard beer counting for 55% of the total sales. Furthermore Heineken has got the groups specialty beer, ales shouts and bitters, and low or no alcohol. The group specialty beer count for 10% of the sales, so ales shouts and bitters, and low or no alcohol are of hardly any part of the sales of Heineken. Targeting: Because Heineken is a beer brand it can only sell to people who are older that a certain age. That age is set by the governments. The general age set by the governments for people to buy beer and other alcoholic drinks is set at 16 years in and older to 21 years and older. So the target market of Heineken is everyone older than the age set by the government. In what way does Heineken target the separate markets within those markets? To target the young adults (age 18-30) Heineken uses music. Heineken organizes for example a deejay-contest a lot of young adults are willing to go to that party. Heineken makes sure that their name is all over the place and that the party is a huge success Only Heineken beer is sold on that party, their name Heineken is everywhere you look. In this way Heineken makes sure that their name is widely known. Their name is also associated with successful parties so every time those young adults go to a party they will compare it to the Heineken party. That is the way of getting a good reputation among young adults. Because of this reputation Heineken will sell more beer to those young adults, which is their goal. Beer is very often associated with football. Heineken is a sponsor of the UEFA Champions League. At the beginning and during a football match their name is on billboards on the sides of the field. Their name is also mentioned before the match begins, for example: this match is sponsored by Heineken. In this way Heineken associates itself with football. Their target market with this type of advertising are the man who like watching football and who are allowed to drink, which is a big group. They are indirectly targeting the young people who are not yet aloud to drink, because they are watching to that match to they associate watching football with Heineken, so when they are allowed to drink they will probably buy Heineken to drink during the match. To target the women Heineken introduced Jillz and beer that is less bitter. Jillz is a apple cider mixed with water and barley malt and fruit. It is developed especially for women, because most women dont like beer. When you look at the commercial of Jillz you see four good looking men picking apples. Because women like watching to those men they will buy Jillz assuming that by drinking Jillz they will encounter such a good looking guy. Another way of targeting the women is by introducing a beer that is less bitter. Heineken introduces products like Wieckse Witte a white beer, which is less bitter than normal beer and has got a reddish color. Heineken introduced this type of beer because they assumed that women dont like beer because of its bitterness. Positioning, Market entry and distribution strategies: Waar verkopen ze en hoe krijgen ze de producten daar en hoe zijn ze in die markten binnen gekomen? Heineken sell its products almost everywhere in the world. Because beer hasnt got a high value per liter. Distributing the beer by for example a tanker is too expensive, so Heineken has to have a lot of breweries to supply in the countries they sell their beer in. because of this Heineken has got approximately 120 breweries in more than 70 countries. Heineken mainly sell its products through supermarkets/hypermarkets, specialist retailers and on-trade business. 7% of its products is sold on a different way. Drawing a conclusion this mean that Heineken is depending on other retailers to sell its products. Heineken doesnt have got a shop that sell only Heineken products. The only way in which Heineken is selling its own products is though internet. People can order Heineken beer on the official Heineken site, for example on www.Heineken.nl. Product strategies: There are a lot of different types of beer; there are bitter beers, sweet beers, sour beers, beers with a different amount of alcohol in it and different colors. This are some things that Heineken can differ its beer in. This shows that there are a lot of types of beer, but beer doesnt need a lot of modification. Heineken has got many different types of beer, even in one country. Heineken has got a total of 200 different products. There are different reasons for those modifications. According to International Business a book from Alan M. Rugman and Simon Collinson, there are four points on which a product has to be modified: Economics, culture, local laws and product life cycle. Economics: In each country the customers have got different needs. People want different amount of beer in a bottle, or they want more alcohol in their beer. Because of all these different needs Heineken has got to make a lot of different products, products that differ in size, alcohol percentage and shape. In the Netherlands for example, Heineken sell their beer primarily through the super markets and in bars. So Heineken sells often sells its products in bottles in crates, and in casks. The amount of beer in the bottles is approximately 33 cl. Culture: The history of beer a country and the time beer is present in a country causes many different tastes for and in those countries. In Germany for example people like to drink light beer(white beer). So when Heineken wants to sell beer in Germany it should not come up with dark beer with a high percentage of alcohol. So the culture of countries causes a lot of different demands for beer. Local laws: The laws of a country are very important for the beer products. When Heineken is not allowed to sell beer with a high percentage of alcohol in it, or when they are forbidden to use a certain ingredient, Heineken has got to come up with different products. Product life cycle: This concept states that a product has got to develop in order to maintain its sales. So Heineken needs to modify the beer products in order to keep ahead of the competition. Another reason to modify is to try and come up with other types of product before the demand of other products has declined to much, and to try and get to new markets. An example for this is Jillz, Heineken wants to sell its product to women, it keeps ahead of the competition, because the competition didnt came up with the same idea, and it invents a new product before another product, Wieckse Witte, shows a decline in sales. Pricing strategies: According to International Business a book from Alan M. Rugman and Simon Collinson, there are four forces that influence the pricing. Government controls, Market diversity, Currency fluctuation and Price escalation forces. Government controls: The government in the Netherland raises an excise on products that contain alcohol. Because beer contains alcohol, the prices of Heineken beer are higher than they would have had without that tax. The excise on crates is the same for every company, so Heineken can compete to other beers. Because Heineken is a premium beer, the price for a crate of Heineken is a lot higher than other types of beer. Therefore Heineken competes with other premium beer brand. Market Diversity: The marker diversity between countries causes different prices between those countries. A premium beer a Heineken can encounter a low demand for its beer. Heineken is than forced to sell its products for a low price to gain market share or just to sell beer. Heineken doesnt really have this problem, because they have over 200 different types of beer, so there is a high probability that Heineken does have the taste the people in that country like. Currency fluctuations: The currency fluctuations between countries cause higher or lower prices for Heineken beer that is exported. When the value of a currency in a country, where Heineken has got a brewery, declines compared to an country where the beer brewed is exported to, the prices of Heineken beer will increase compared to local beer brands. Price escalation forces: When the prices of producing Heineken increase by 25 cents, Heineken will try to pass this along to retailers in the production cycle closer to the consumers. Every retailer in the production cycle wants to make profit, so they will add an percentage increase. This increase in price will be larger the closer the product gets to the consumer. The increase of 25 cents may increase the prices in the supermarket with 35 cents.

Reconciling Injustice and Necessity: The Statesman in the Practical City :: Essays Papers

Reconciling Injustice and Necessity: The Statesman in the Practical City When Socrates builds up a â€Å"city in speech† from ideals, he allows himself the option of overlooking the more distasteful features of real human cities simply by omitting them from the argument. His is a city whose primary purpose is to shed light on the soul of an individual, and its role as a metaphor allows it to contain logical conclusions which run wholly counter to the feasible practices of men. Aristotle permits himself no such luxury when he sets out to describe politics from the top down; he cannot overlook such thorny issues as slavery and empire because they exist as significant features in the constitutions of men and must be dealt with by statesmen, to whose needs Aristotle is particularly sensitive. Unlike Socrates, he cannot simply label these things unjust in the abstract and remove them from the ideal city. Aristotle, in his own description of an ideal constitution, is scrupulously practical, even when practicality prevents him from endorsing what would s eem to be the logical conclusions of his own arguments. His treatment of empire in the Politics, like his treatment of slavery—empire’s small-scale cousin—reflects this ability to reconcile a concept of absolute justice to the inevitable injustices of political life. It is not immediately obvious what Aristotle’s verdict on empire is. The institution seems to simultaneously violate several of his premises for a good city and promote others, and Aristotle sets up a comparison of the arguments for both sides to address this tension. On the one hand, he perceives injustice in states whose sole purpose is to conquer their neighbors, and chastises statesmen who arbitrarily enslave others for ruling â€Å"without regard to the right or wrong of what [he is] doing† (VII.ii.13) . He also praises the self-contained happiness of the isolationist state when he says, â€Å"It is possible to imagine a solitary state which is happy in itself†¦It will obviously have a good constitution† (VII.ii.16). However, both these lines of reasoning are incomplete condemnations of empire. The first implies only that the statesman is ultimately accountable to right and wrong in his actions and must consider this standard in his decision-making, no t that imperialism is in itself always on the side of wrong. He sees the thorough isolationism of the â€Å"solitary state† as problematic as well, ending his description of it with, â€Å"But it will have no regard to war† (VII. Reconciling Injustice and Necessity: The Statesman in the Practical City :: Essays Papers Reconciling Injustice and Necessity: The Statesman in the Practical City When Socrates builds up a â€Å"city in speech† from ideals, he allows himself the option of overlooking the more distasteful features of real human cities simply by omitting them from the argument. His is a city whose primary purpose is to shed light on the soul of an individual, and its role as a metaphor allows it to contain logical conclusions which run wholly counter to the feasible practices of men. Aristotle permits himself no such luxury when he sets out to describe politics from the top down; he cannot overlook such thorny issues as slavery and empire because they exist as significant features in the constitutions of men and must be dealt with by statesmen, to whose needs Aristotle is particularly sensitive. Unlike Socrates, he cannot simply label these things unjust in the abstract and remove them from the ideal city. Aristotle, in his own description of an ideal constitution, is scrupulously practical, even when practicality prevents him from endorsing what would s eem to be the logical conclusions of his own arguments. His treatment of empire in the Politics, like his treatment of slavery—empire’s small-scale cousin—reflects this ability to reconcile a concept of absolute justice to the inevitable injustices of political life. It is not immediately obvious what Aristotle’s verdict on empire is. The institution seems to simultaneously violate several of his premises for a good city and promote others, and Aristotle sets up a comparison of the arguments for both sides to address this tension. On the one hand, he perceives injustice in states whose sole purpose is to conquer their neighbors, and chastises statesmen who arbitrarily enslave others for ruling â€Å"without regard to the right or wrong of what [he is] doing† (VII.ii.13) . He also praises the self-contained happiness of the isolationist state when he says, â€Å"It is possible to imagine a solitary state which is happy in itself†¦It will obviously have a good constitution† (VII.ii.16). However, both these lines of reasoning are incomplete condemnations of empire. The first implies only that the statesman is ultimately accountable to right and wrong in his actions and must consider this standard in his decision-making, no t that imperialism is in itself always on the side of wrong. He sees the thorough isolationism of the â€Å"solitary state† as problematic as well, ending his description of it with, â€Å"But it will have no regard to war† (VII.

Gay Marriage Rights

After the legalizations in Massachusetts and, most recently, California, gay marriage has been a growing trend in the United States. In the 8 months since the legalization, more and more gay couples have been rushing to California to tie the knot. However, California and Massachusetts are not the first to make an effort to strengthen the bonds of homosexual couples some European countries including Denmark, Holland, some Scandinavian countries, and others have legalized same-sex marriage and have found the results positive. Gay marriage has been a contradictory issue since gay men and women began requesting marriage licenses.However, gays are denied their rights to marriage licenses, which is denying then their rights as American citizens. Gays should be treated equally to heterosexuals and granted their rights to marry the person they love, whether they are the same or opposite gender. Although the idea of a same-sex wedding hasn’t been legal long enough for statistics to be developed on children of same-sex marriages’ developmental upbringing, or that they are harmed by their environment, many people seem to think that they will be less healthy or normal if the couple that raises them are homosexual.People believe that the children will grow up to be gay, or different from any normally raised child, if they don’t grow up in a â€Å"normal† family. The results of studies testing these ideas are quite contrary to the popular belief of heterosexual couples. In fact, the studies show that children raised by gay couples seem to be more adjusted than the â€Å"normally† raised ones. The argument that children raised in homosexual households will grow up to be gay is completely illegitimate.In a study of over 300 children of homosexual parents, there have been no indications that there are any disturbances in the development of the child’s sexual identity, or the lifestyle that the child will live later in life. In reality, most children raised by heterosexuals are not raised in normal households. With divorce also becoming popular we have families with three kids and only one parent. There is no doubt that homosexuals want to have children, and not only is the ban of gay marriage denying their rights to be married, but also denying them their rights to have a two-parent family with children.Some also say that marriage is between a man and a woman for procreation purposes, and that gays cannot naturally produce children. If this were the case then wouldn’t the state prohibit marriage between heterosexuals when one, or both, are sterile? If the purpose of marriage is, in fact, for procreation then who’s to say that post-menopausal women should have the right to marry? Children in foster care and orphanages are also a problem, so why not kill two birds with one stone and give gays their rights and orphans or unwanted children a home and a family that loves them?Another argument against gay marriage is that it is against religion. Whose religion? Some religions, such as Buddhism, actually celebrate gay marriage. The fact that gay marriages are illegal goes against not only the gays’ rights, but their rights also. And the fact that people are bringing the bible into their arguments also means that other religions religious rights are being infringed. The bible has no standing in American law, this was made clear by the first amendment of the United States constitution, and no one has any right or authority to set rules based on something they take as a moral injunction stated by the bible.The Christian and catholic religions cannot speak for all religions, and the United Stated government is allowing them to do just that. The main purpose of our government is to preserve the rights of the citizens, and at this, our government has failed. Homosexuals are not the only people being denied their rights, but also the members of certain religions that support same-sex marriages. Along with this, people also say that gay marriage would force churches that have an objection to perform gay marriage to perform same-sex weddings.There is no law stating that any church would be required to marry any couple, heterosexual or otherwise, that they do not wish to. Gay marriage would not change the churches right to refuse to sanctify any marriage that they do not wish to. It would only give churches the opportunity to legally wed gay couples if they would like to. None of the arguments above are valid. So now, let us examine the true reasons that people oppose the marriage of homosexual couples.Most people just are not comfortable with the idea. For years now, society has promoted the idea that two men or two women being married is wrong. This is mostly because of the arguments mentioned previously. However, none of those objections make sense! So neither does the idea that gay marriage is wrong. Being uncomfortable with a proposal is not a valid reason to oppose it. It is selfish to infringe other human beings’ rights for your

Huntington Disease Essays

Huntington Disease Essays Huntington Disease Essay Huntington Disease Essay Huntington Disease Huntington disease ( HD ) is an autosomal-dominant upset, characterized as disease of progressive encephalon devolution in late maturity with subsequent encephalon wasting. The affected countries of devolution are the basal ganglia, which play an of import function in the control of motion. This devolution causes assorted motor jobs such as behavioural abnormalcy, chorea, incoordination and dystonia ( Folstein, 1989 ) . George Huntington was the first adult male that described HD in the nineteenth century in item particularly its familial nature of chorea ( Huntington, 1872 ) . New findings have shown that HD involves the mutant protein huntigtin. This protein is translated from a CAG repetition organizing a polyglutamine strand of variable length at the N-terminus. The molecular mechanism of HD is non to the full understood but new findings utilizing carnal theoretical accounts have provided valuable information. The cistron associated with HD is termed the HD cistron and can be found on the short arm of chromosome four. As the disease is autosomal dominant, merely one HD cistron is sufficient to do the upset. The HD cistron is composed of a trinucleotide CAG repeats.The allelomorphs of the HD cistron are grouped as normal, intermediate or HD-causing. Each group has a characteristic figure of CAG repetitions. The normal allelomorphs have 26 or fewer CAG repetitions whereas intermediate allelomorphs have 27-35 CAG repetitions ( Potter et al. , 2004 ) . Carriers of normal allelomorphs and intermediate allelomorphs are non at hazard of developing HD. However, persons with intermediate allelomorphs are at hazard of giving birth to a kid with an allelomorph of HD-causing characteristic ( Semaka et al. , 2006 ) . Thus, intermediate allelomorphs are besides termed changeable allelomorphs as they may mutate to do HD phenotype in the progeny. The ground for the mutant lies in the instability of the re production. The longer the figure of trinucleotides, the greater the instability. In 73 % of the instances, the instability leads to an enlargement of the trinucleotide repetitions and therefore an addition in the hazard of developing HD whereas merely 23 % show a contraction of the figure of repetitions associated with a low hazard of developing HD ( Chattapadhyay et al. , 2005 ; Djousse et al.,2004, MacDonald et al. , 1999 ) . HD-causing allelomorphs normally contain 36 or more CAG repetitions and present the bearer at an increased hazard of developing HD. HD-causing allelomorphs have been categorized into two groups: Reduced-penetrance HD-causing allelomorphs and Full-penetrance HD-causing allelomorphs. Reduced-penetrance or uncomplete HD-causing allelomorphs are composed of 36-39 trinucleotide CAG repetitions ( Rubinsztein, 2003 ; Rubinsztein et al. , 1996 ; McNeil et al. , 1997 ) . Carriers of this allelomorph may be symptomless and non demo the symptoms. On the other manus, full-penetrance HD-causing allelomorphs are characterized by 40 or more CAG repetitions and bearers of this allelomorph have a high chance of developing HD ( Rubinsztein et al. , 1996 ; McNeil et al. , 1997 ; Langebehn et al. , 2004 ) . The instability of the trinucleotide repeats occurs more frequently in males ( spermatogenesis ) than in females ( oogenesis ) . This phenomenon can besides be observed in the progeny with paternal heritage of the HD cistron where the oncoming of HD is more powerful and occurs in the early young person. In add-on, households with no history of HD may develop HD via new mutants originating by the elaboration of trinucleotide CAG repetitions and most of these new mutants come from the paternal side ( Anca et al. , 2004 ; Squitieri et al. , 2003 ) . Bodily instability of CAG repetitions can besides originate and hold been observed in human existences every bit good as animate being theoretical accounts. Furthermore, indistinguishable twins demonstrate different clinical syndromes and have about a similar age of oncoming. Twins that are bearers of homozygous allelomorphs have no difference in the age of oncoming ( Georgiou et al. , 1999 ) . Carriers of the HD allelomorph are clinically healthy before the oncoming of the HD disease symptoms. However, in the so called preclinical stage, there are little alterations happening in motor accomplishments, knowledge and personality ( Walker, 2007 ) . The oncoming of HD disease symptoms normally occurs in the average age of oncoming which is 35 to 44 old ages ( Bates et al. , 2002 ) . In 66 % , initial symptoms are abnormalcies in the neurological map or psychiatric alterations. Other symptoms are minor involountary motions, trouble in mental planning, depression and little alterations in the oculus motion. In 25 % of HD bearers, the visual aspect of initial symptoms such as chorea, dysphagia and pace perturbation is delayed until after 50 old ages with the disease symptoms taking a more drawn-out and soft class. At the same clip, the life style of the affected persons does non alter and they can still go on with their current employment. The initial oncoming of the symptoms is followed by an increased diagnostic chorea, trouble in commanding voluntary motion every bit good as aggravation of dysarthria and dysphagia. As a consequence of the deterioration symptoms, the affected persons must go forth employment and may necessitate extra aid to get by with some activities in their day-to-day life. The concluding phase of HD demonstrates terrible motor disablement. The symptoms have worsened so much that so that the bearers can non cover with their damage at all and necessitate the aid of other people. The bearers are tongueless and incontinent and demo a average endurance clip of 15 to 18 old ages after the first oncoming of HD related symptoms. The life anticipation is suggested to be at 54 to 55 old ages ( Harper, 2005 ) . The diagnosing of HD is based on mutant analysis. For this intent, PCR based methods can be utilised which musca volitanss alleles up to about 115 CAG repetitions. Likewise, southern smudge is employed for allelomorphs with more than 115 CAG ( Potter et al. , 2004 ) . Such big enlargements are linked with juvenile-onset of HD triggered by homozygous HD genotypes. Moderate-to-severe Huntington s disease illustrate larger frontal horns of the sidelong ventricles and lack in striatal volume when modus operandi MRI and CT scans are performed ( Stober et al. , 1984 ) . However, scans are non helpful for the diagnosing of early upset. Functional MRI surveies and informations from PET have displayed that affected encephalons started to change before the oncoming of symptoms ( Kunig et al. , 2000, Paulsen et al. , 2004 ) . Using these techniques, it is possible to acknowledge caudate wasting every bit easrly as 11 old ages before the expected oncoming of the disease, and it is possible to re cognze putaminal wasting 9 old ages before the expected oncoming ( Aylward et al. , 2004 ) . Tensor-based magnetic resonance morphometry demonstrates increasing loss of striatal loss in persons who are preclinical transporting the HD cistron and do non demo grounds of progresson by clinical or neuropsychological trials over 2 old ages ( Kipps et al. , 2005 ) . Familial proving for HD is merely considered by 5 % of HD hazard bearers due to household planning and employment. Many HD hazard bearers do non undergo proving as there is no efficient intervention for HD available ( Laccone et al. , 1999 ) . Furthermore, prognostic testing can hold psychological effects for HD hazard bearers taking to suicide due to mental depression ( Almqvist et al. , 2003 ) . Therefore, it is important to place self-destructive forms in immature HD hazard bearers and give pretest guidance. Epidemiologic surveies suggest that HD is most prevailing in the white Caucasic population with 5-7 people affected per 100000. There are besides exclusions in countries where the full population is derived from a few laminitiss such as in Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela or Tasmania ( Pridmore, 1990 ) . Across most of Asia and Africa the incidences of HD are much lower. The ground for the assorted distribution of HD incidence lies in the CAG repetitions. White Caucasians have a much higher frequence of HD allelomorphs that are composed of 28-35 CAG repetitions ( Kremer, 2002 ; Harper A ; Jones, 2002 ) . The high frequence of this HD alleles in the white population is non to the full understood. The HD cistron may give a wellness benefit as in other familial upsets such as reaping hook cell trait. It is thought that the HD cistron is associated with a lower hazard of developing malignant neoplastic disease, perchance due to the upregulation of TP53 in HD disease ( Bae et al. , 2005 ; DiF iglia etal. , 1995 ) . The pathogenesis of HD affecting the protein huntingtin is ill understood. Even though orthologs of that protein have been detected in zebrafish, drosophilia and sludge molds, the function of the protein is still unknown ( Jones, 2002 ) . Huntingtin has a high laterality in all human cells. Most of it is expressed in the encephalon and testicles whereas bosom, lungs and liver show moderate sums of it ( DiFiglia et al.,1995 ) . One hypothesis suggests that happloinsufficiency plays an indispensable function in the pathogenesis of HD. This would intend that deficient sums of huntingtin protein are generated for the cells to work decently ( Ambrose et al.,1994 ) . However, this hypothesis besides have been refuted by other findings which suggest that a lack of HD cistron in adult male does non do HD in adult male ( Rubinsztein, 2003 ; Ambrose et al. , 1994 ) . This is besides supported by transgenic mouse theoretical accounts. One allelomorph of the HD cistron does non do HD in transgenic mouse theoretical accounts and complete absence of the HD cistron is linked to mortality in mouse embryos ( Squitieri et al. , 2003 ) . Therefore, new findings explain the pathogenesis of HD as a toxic addition of map derived from the mutant HD cistron. Likewise, this phenomenon can besides be observed in other familial diseases such as muscular wasting or dentatorubropallidoluysian ( Ambrose et al. , 1994 ; Andrew et al. , 1993 ) . There is non sufficient grounds to back up the claim of happloinsufficiency in any of these familial disease but an accretion of polyglutamines with subsequent neurodegeneration. This is farther supported by the relationship betwe en length of polyglutamine repetition and age of oncoming. Longer polyglutamine repetition ironss are associated with more aggressive patterned advance of HD disease symptoms and the juvenile oncoming of HD ( Mahant et al. , 2003 ; Squitieri et al. , 2002 ; Forproud et al. , 1999 ) . The biological construction of polyglutamine gives more insight into the toxic addition of map in HD. Experiments performed in vitro show that polyglutamine sums by organizing dimmers, trimers and oligomers. For this collection to be efficient, a minimal figure of 37 glutamine residues in sequence is required. The rate of collection additions as more glutamine repetitions are added to the long concatenation of glutamine polypeptide. This in vitro observation may be an explaination why some persons experience late oncoming of HD while others have a juvenile oncoming of HD. Some cardinal points have been discovered in the mechanism explicating how aggregative polyglutamine leads to neural disfunction. The mutant huntingtin protein is more prone to proteleolysis than its wild type opposite number. This higher hazard of protein debasement creates truncated proteins, which lead to the formation of sums of abbreviated huntingtin. Additionally, shorter glutamine repetitions are less likely to organize steric clangs than longer 1s. It is believed that these sums are toxic and locate in the cell nucleus. ( Saudou et al. , 1998 ; Peter et al. , 1999 ; Wellington et al. , 2000 ) . Finally, the rate of collection overcomes the rate at which proteosomes or autophagic vacuolisation degrade the proteins in the cell. This farther exacerbates the formation of aggregative protein in concurrence with the ability of sums to enroll normal organic structure proteins to their matrix. Examples of normal organic structure proteins are those proteins that interact with the wil d type signifier of huntingtin straight ( Mills et al. , 2005 ) . Some documents besides propose that the protein huntingtin may exercise non merely a toxic addition of map but besides a dominant negative consequence on the typical map of the wild type protein huntingtin. This manner, mutant huntingtin could interfere with proteins that regulate written text, programmed cell death, tumour suppression or axonal conveyance ( Bae et al. , 2005 ; Busch et al. , 2003 ; Charrin et al. , 2005 ; Gauthier et al. , 2004, Hickey A ; Chesselet, 2003 ) . Last, one other hypothesis provinces that mutant huntingtin may interfere in neuron-neuron interaction. This has been illustrated in mice where the mutant protein huntingtin disrupts the axonal conveyance and cyst release of neurotrophic factor in nerve cells taking to intrinsic disfunction of striatal nerve cells ( Pulst et al. , 1996 ; Komure et al. , 1995 ) . Mentions Almqvist EW, Brinkman RR, Wiggins S, Hayden MR. Psychological effects and forecasters of inauspicious events in the fi rst 5 old ages after prognostic testing for Huntington s disease. Clin Genet 2003 ; 64: 300-09. Ambrose CM, Duyao MP, Barnes G, et Al. Structure and look of the Huntington s disease cistron: grounds against simple inactivation due to spread out CAG repetition. Somat Cell Mol Genet 1994 ; 20: 27-38. Anca MH, Gazit E, Lowewenthal R, Ostrovsky O, Frydman M, Giladi N. Diff erent phenotypic look in monozygotic twins with Huntington disease. Am J Med Genet 2004 ; 124: 89-91. Andrew SE, Goldberg YP, Kremer B, et Al. The relationship between trinucleotide ( CAG ) repetition length and clinical characteristics of Huntington s disease. Nat Genet 1993 ; 4: 398-403. Aylward EH, Sparks BF, Field KM, et Al. Onset and rate of striatal wasting in presymptomatic Huntington disease. Neurology 2004 ; 63: 66-72. Bae BI, Xu H, Igarashi S, et Al. P53 mediates cellular disfunction and behavioural abnormalcies in Huntington s disease. Neuron 2005 ; 47:29-41. Bates G, Harper P, Jones L ( 2002 ) Huntington s Disease. Oxford University Press, New York. Busch A, Engemann S, Lurz R, et Al. Mutant huntingtin promotes the fibrillogenesis of wild-type huntingtin: a possible mechanism for loss of huntingtin map in Huntington s disease. J Biol Chem 2003 ; 278: 41452-61. Charrin BC, Saudou F, Humbert S. Axonal conveyance failure in neurogenerative upsets: the instance of Huntington s disease. Pathol Biol 2005 ; 53: 189-92. Chattapadhyay B, Baksi K, Mukhopadhyay S, Bhattacharyya NP. Transition of age at oncoming of Huntington s disease patients by fluctuations in TP53 and human caspase activated DNase ( hCAD ) cistrons. Neurosci Lett 2005 ; 374: 81-86. DiFiglia M, Sapp E, Chase K, et Al. Huntingtin is a cytoplasmatic protein association with cysts in human and rat encephalon nerve cells. Neuron 1995 ; 14: 1075-81. Djousse L, Knowlton B, Hayden MR, et Al. Evidence for a qualifier of onset age in Huntington disease linked to the HD cistron in 4p16. Neurogenetics 2004 ; 5: 109-14. Foroud T, Gray J, Ivashina J, Conneally PM. Differences in continuance of Huntington s disease based on age at oncoming. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999 ; 66: 52-56. Folstein S. Huntington s disease: a upset of households. Old line state: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989. Gauthier LR, Charrin BC, Borrell-Pages M, et Al. Huntingtin controls neurotrophic support and endurance of nerve cells by heightening BDNF vesicular conveyance along microtubules. Cell 2004 ; 118: 127-38. 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Benzodiazepine receptor binding in Huntington s disease: [ 11C ] Florida umazenil consumption measured utilizing antielectron emanation imaging. Ann Neurol 2000 ; 47: 644-48. Kremer B. Clinical neurology of Huntington s disease. In: Bates G, Harper P, Jones L, eds. Huntington s disease. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002: 3-27. Komure O, Sano A, Nishino N, et Al. Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis in familial dentatorubral-pallidoluysian wasting: correlativity between CAG repetition length and phenotypic fluctuation and the molecular footing of expectancy. Neurology 1995 ; 45: 143-49. Jones L. The cell biological science of Huntington s disease. In: Bates G, Harper P, Jones L, eds. Huntington s disease. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002: 348-62. Laccone F, Engel U, Holinski-Feder E, et Al. DNA analysis of Huntington s disease: fi ve old ages experience in Germany, Australia, and Switzerland. Neurology 1999 ; 53: 801-06. 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Free Essays on Athletes and Wealth Management

Athletes and Financial Investment Firms The Growing Concern for Long-term Financial Stability I. Introduction The goal for a large majority of individuals in today’s society is to achieve maximum financial stability in the shortest period of time possible. However, most do not achieve this goal as expeditiously as they once had hoped. It is for this reason that a majority of individuals view their success in relation to what one obtains in the form of both material goods and financial acquisitions. Does the acquisition of material goods or financial gains insure financial stability? Is there peace of mind for an individual once these goals of procurement are achieved? Is there anyway to insure financial peace of mind? The simple answer would be to become a professional athlete, to win the lottery, or marry into Bill Gate’s family. However, these are all long shots for a majority of the world. But even these do not guarantee long-term financial stability. That is why it is becoming increasingly important to possess a high level of competency in the area of wealth manage ment. What exactly is wealth management? Wealth management is the proficient administration of one’s total assets through financial planning and accurately allocating wealth to achieve a financial goal. Financial planning integrates the execution of various financial services, which promote growth, and stability of an investor’s wealth. Planning is differentiated according to the specific needs and focus of individuals. A high-net-worth individual would bear distinct goals that differentiate from that of a small-time investor. Albeit that these investors may have unique objectives, the necessity for a competent provider of such financial services is evident. The world of finance is unpredictable and continuously shifting. Investors find themselves overwhelmed by intimidation caused by the perception that investment firms are bottom-line or... Free Essays on Athletes and Wealth Management Free Essays on Athletes and Wealth Management Athletes and Financial Investment Firms The Growing Concern for Long-term Financial Stability I. Introduction The goal for a large majority of individuals in today’s society is to achieve maximum financial stability in the shortest period of time possible. However, most do not achieve this goal as expeditiously as they once had hoped. It is for this reason that a majority of individuals view their success in relation to what one obtains in the form of both material goods and financial acquisitions. Does the acquisition of material goods or financial gains insure financial stability? Is there peace of mind for an individual once these goals of procurement are achieved? Is there anyway to insure financial peace of mind? The simple answer would be to become a professional athlete, to win the lottery, or marry into Bill Gate’s family. However, these are all long shots for a majority of the world. But even these do not guarantee long-term financial stability. That is why it is becoming increasingly important to possess a high level of competency in the area of wealth manage ment. What exactly is wealth management? Wealth management is the proficient administration of one’s total assets through financial planning and accurately allocating wealth to achieve a financial goal. Financial planning integrates the execution of various financial services, which promote growth, and stability of an investor’s wealth. Planning is differentiated according to the specific needs and focus of individuals. A high-net-worth individual would bear distinct goals that differentiate from that of a small-time investor. Albeit that these investors may have unique objectives, the necessity for a competent provider of such financial services is evident. The world of finance is unpredictable and continuously shifting. Investors find themselves overwhelmed by intimidation caused by the perception that investment firms are bottom-line or...

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Nurse education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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